The
Persian is a longhaired
cat characterized by its round face and shortened muzzle. Its name refers to Persia, the former name of
Iran, where similar cats are found. Recognized by the
cat fancy since the late 19th century, it was developed first by the English, and then mainly by American breeders after the
Second World War. In Britain, it is called the Persian Longhair.
The
selective breeding carried out by breeders has allowed the development of a wide variety of coat colors, but has also led to the creation of increasingly
flat-faced Persians. Favored by fanciers; this head structure can bring with it a number of health problems. As is the case with the
Siamese breed, there have been efforts by some breeders to preserve the older type of cat with a more pronounced muzzle, which is more popular with the general public. The hereditary
polycystic kidney disease is prevalent in the breed, affecting almost half the population in some countries.
The placid and unpretentious nature of the Persian confers a propensity for apartment living. It has been the most popular breed in the United States for many years but its popularity has seen a decline in Britain and France.